ASTM D1321 – Penetration of Waxes
Petroleum waxes are used in a variety of lubrication products including glide waxes, chain lubricants, and as friction-reducing, waterproofing and lubricity additives. The hardness of a wax, expressed as a penetration value, is one indication of its usefulness for a given application. Low penetration values indicate a hard wax; higher penetration values indicate softer waxes. This test determines the penetration value of waxes.
The wax is melted, poured in a penetration form and allowed to cool. The sample is brought to the test temperature and the penetration value is determined with a penetrometer. Reported is the penetration value.
Related tests: Use this test (ASTM D1321) for waxes. For petrolatum consider ASTM D937. For lubricating greases consider ASTM D217 or ASTM 1403.